中日韩长相有何不同

从来没有救世主

What are the facial differences between the Japanese and Chinese?

From a European perspective, it’s verystrange, perhaps, but Chinese, Korea, and Japan aren’t just countries. They’realso regions with their own distinct populations. There’s been some gene flowback and forth, but not as much as between neighboring countries in Europe. Thelanguages aren’t closely related to each other either.

Think about it this way. If, instead of dozens of countries, there were onlyIreland, Sweden, and Greece separated by mountains and oceans in Europe, wouldyou be able to tell them apart most of the time? If you saw someone with redhair, someone with blond hair, someone with curly hair and dark skin, whatwould you think? It’s like that. It’s not enough to go on to be right all thetime, but it’s enough to have a stereotypical mental image of what eachpopulation’s people look like.

But it’s more than just a stereotype. The following image is from Dieneke’sAnthropology blog. It’s actually the most popular image on the site.

不过它不仅仅是一个刻板印象。图来自于人类学家Dieneke的博客，它是在互联网上最知名的图像。

This image is a composite of, from left to right, Chinese, Korean, and Japanesewomen. To me, the most noticeable thing about that composite image is thedifference in skin tone, but the general shape of the face and the hair is alsodifferent.

This is a cluster analysis from Dieneke’s Anthropology blog which shows how theChinese, Japanese, and Korean people fall out genetically:


As you can see, there’s a lot of genetic variability in China, reflecting thefact that it’s a big, multiethnic country, a fair amount in Japan, whichstretches from the Ryukyu Islands to Hokkaido, and the people of Korea are insomewhere in between, but tightly clustered so that they don’t overlap witheither.

One of the reasons we don’t notice this is that Hollywood casting agents reallydon’t care about the difference. They seem to especially like to cast Koreanactors as Japanese characters.

从来没有救世主

我们没有注意到的原因之一就是，好莱坞星探们不关心东亚人的区别。他们似乎特别喜欢让韩国演员演日本人物。

这是章子怡在在电影《艺伎回忆录》的定妆照。

这部电影在日本和中国掀起了讨论，因为电影观众受长期以来放映电影的影响，他们认为中国人和日本是有很大区别的，而章子怡作为一个百分之百的中国人（去演日本人），这是角色分配不当。但是，美国人看到这张照片可能会想,这有什么大不了的，他们都是亚洲人。如果《艺妓回忆录》中只有一个角色是这样，那么它还有可能不让人诟病。但是，所有的三个主要的艺妓角色都是由中国人来演的。如果东亚对你来说并不是一个整体，那么这比彼得罗演Mr. Moto好不到哪去。

相反的，韩国女演员JunJi-hyun在《最后的吸血鬼》这部电影里演一个日本人演的很好。尽管她看起来不像典型的日本女孩，我觉得她起码看起来有那么点像，可能是北方某个地方的日本人。别扯蓝眼睛，那是吸血鬼的妆。

美国人很难区分这些微妙的差别很可能和我们无法很好的区分东亚人有关，美国亚裔和其他美国种族受到的影响也类似。

从来没有救世主

但是，仅仅通过媒体接触亚洲面孔似乎有点效果。能够认识到白种人和亚洲人之间有着不同的面部特征而不仅仅是肤色不同，这对我们来说是非常重要的一步。说起来难以置信，在《007：雷霆谷》里，詹姆斯邦德仅靠着染黄皮肤和修眉毛就想伪装成一个日本人。

我是个华裔，但我很难区别中日韩三国人。而且我在中国还待过一段时间。有时，我在马尼拉看到东亚人，在我猜他们是哪国人之前我会等他们说出点什么来。

同样的，尽管我出生并长大在菲律宾，而且一生大部分都在这儿，我仍然很难区分东南亚人。我曾经参加过在上海举办的箭术世界杯，在找到菲律宾代表团之前不得不通过找菲律宾国旗来找菲律宾人。马来西亚人和印度尼西亚人也非常的相似。

同时，我也分不清白人有什么区别。黑人也分不清。所以，在分辨人这块，我猜我真是天才。

这对于二战中的美国人来说是个非常重要的问题，因为这意味着“谁是我们的朋友，谁是我们的敌人？”。对于一个亚洲士兵来说还可能意味着被放过，或者被打死。

Here is Time’s article ‘How to tell your Friends from the Japs.

这是《时代》的文章：如何区分你的朋友和日本鬼子。

Now this article also warns, even if youare a racial expert with a pair of calipers on hand, there are no hard tells,only suggestions. Most helpful though is if they just wear a badge declaringtheir ethnicity.

这文章称，即使你是个人类学家，手上拿着尺子，也没有绝对的区分标准，都是XJB猜。最有用的还是他们身上表明身份的徽章。

And here is an exerpt fromPocket Guide to China, a pamphlet given toservicemen in China during WWII.

这是一个给在华军人的小册子。

Don’t forget to inspect the feet!

一定记得要看脚！

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There is tremendous genetic diversitywithin China. Hoever, in regards to the eastern Han Chinese, Korean, andJapanese I am going to take the minority opinion here and say that there are nosignificant facial differences between the groups. The groupings are politicaland cultural, not genetic.

中国人之间的基因差距挺大的。但是，对于华东汉族人，韩国和日本，我必须要唱反调，这些人面部根本没啥区别。隔阂只是存在于政治，文化，而非基因。

I’ve lived in Japan for over 20 years, and this is a very non-PC opinion.Members of all three groups emphatically maintain that there are obviousdifferences. However, while there are striking differences in fashion andmanner, there are now over a million second and third generation Koreans andChinese that have grown up in Japan and cannot be identified as such unlessthey choose to make the fact known or unless one obtains a copy of their familyregistry.

我在日本住了20年，这是一个政治非常不正确的观点。这三拨人都坚持认为彼此之间有着明显的差别。但是，有超过一百万的二代和三代朝裔和华裔在日本长大，虽然品味和礼节有着显著的不同，但他们很难被区分出来，除非他们自己挑明或者拿到他们家的户口本。

An academic case can be made, but in practice any differences there may be arenot significant enough to be noticeable.

学术上来说，差异可能存在，但实际上还是难以察觉的不明显。

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I donot think these facial differences, ifany, are that relevant. Or, to say it otherwise, the differences betweenSouthern Chinese and Northern Chinese are far greater than differences betweenNorthern Chinese and Japanese, so they are not a useful tool to tell themapart.

我觉得这些人面部差距并没有差别，即是有的话，那也不是人种之间的差别。这么说吧，中国北方人和中国南方人之间的差别远比北方人和日本人之间的差别大，所以靠长相区分他们不是个容易的活儿。

The way most people tell apart Chinese, Korean and Japanese is just by theclothing, the behavior, the haircut, and many other external signs that aremuch easier to detect.

区分中日韩三国人只能靠衣着，习惯，发型和其他容易区分的外部特征。

It is the same when you try to tell apart British and French people, theirclothes and haircut and the way they walk, they move their hands, they look atother people will tell you much more than merely the color of the hair or thefacial features.

当你区分英国人和法国人也一样，衣服、发型、走路方式、手势，这些特征比他们的头发和长相能够诉你更多（信息）。

This is an Interesting contrast to anarticle I read a couple of years ago that indicated that in fact it is rarelypossible to distinguish Koreans, Japanese and Chinese (Northern) by facialfeatures. There was a test where 100 Asian students at UCLAwere askedto guess what nationality people were from a group of photographs. Prior to thetest, most of them were confident that they would have no trouble answeringcorrectly, but the results were interesting – they showed that the participantswere no more accurate than somebody answering randomly. In other words, theywere actually completely unable to guess the nationality correctly!

我几年前读过一篇文章，文章称别想通过长相区分出中国北方人、韩国人和日本人。有研究者曾经对加州大学洛杉矶分校的100位亚裔学生做过测试，他们被要求从一组照片中区分人的种族。测试开始之前，他们觉得答对毫无压力，但有趣的是，参与者照片的正确率并不比随机挑选的照片高。换句话说，他们自己都分不出来

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There are some hair styles, beard styles and fashion styles among Japanese and Koreans that I rarely see in China. Apart from that, I see no sure way to tell them apart just by facial difference only. If a Korean or a Japanese were to wear some plain clothing and a simple hair style, I wouldn’t be able to tell them apart from the people I see in my neighborhood in China. That is before they utter a word, because it’s far easier to distinguish them by accent.

日本人和韩国人有一些发型，胡须风格以及时尚很少出现在中国人身上。除此之外，我很难通过长相区分他们。如果韩国人或日本人发型和服饰非常简单，那么我就没办法把他们和我在中国时的邻居区分开了。但那是在他们张嘴之前，如果通过口音区分还是很容易的。

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I can often tell who is Japanese, but I cannot tell it without dress and expression.

In fact, Chinese gene pool is a super set of Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese gene pool.

我可以分辨出日本人，但是是通过衣着和表达。

实际上，中国人的基因库相当于日本人、韩国人、越南人加一块儿。

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Japanese people tend to have a longer / oval facial structure with lower cheekbones, wider / larger eyes and more pronounced noses.

Korean

Korean people tend to have flatter faces with higher / squarer cheek bones and smaller eyes with single eyelids (opposed to double).

Chinese

Chinese people tend to have rounder faces than both Korean and Japanese people. China is a huge multi-ethnic country unlike Korea and Japan (which are more ethnically homogeneous) making it much harder to differentiate or generalize.

日本人往往有较长的/椭圆形面部结构，较低的颧骨,更大的眼睛和更明显的鼻子。

韩国人往往脸比较扁平，颧骨方正而且较高，眼镜小，一般是单眼皮。

中国一般是圆脸，介于韩国人和日本人之间。中国是个庞大的多民族国家，所以很难区分或者概括。

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I’m not expert at all, but judging from my own observations, I see these differences:

Koreans have usually more rounded faces, flatter, with high cheekbones. And their skin color is very light.

Japanese are similar but their faces are not that flat. They usually have softer features. Okinawans have darker skin though. Although not very common, it’s possible to see Japanese men with some facial hair and even mustache, which is unlikely in other Asians. I wonder if Ainu genes have something to do with it.

Han Chinese are usually slim and their eyes are more slanted. I ignore about other Chinese nationalities, but I’ve seen some darker ones in Guangzhou. I guess they were migrants from other regions.

我也不是个专家，但是根据我的观察，差别如下：

韩国人通常脸更圆,更扁,高颧骨。而且他们的肤色很白。

日本人差不多，但脸并不扁平。他们通常有些小特征。冲绳人皮肤黑，虽然不是很常见。经常可以看到日本男人面部的毛发甚至是络腮胡，这在其他亚洲人脸上不太可能。我猜这是阿依努人的基因。

汉族人比较苗条，他们的眼睛更有斜度。我忽略了其他的中国民族，但是我经常在广东看到一些皮肤比较黑的人。我才那些人是别的地方的移民。

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你们都错了! 我是亚洲人，我才是回答这个问题的最好人选。中日韩三国人表面没什么区别。但我可以通过他们的衣服和风格来区分。中国人是三国人中最土的。没有化妆,厚厚的眼镜,可怕的发型(头发油腻，特别是男性),说话大声。韩国人，甚至是男性花都很多时间梳妆,而且几乎50%的韩国年轻人穿纽巴伦的鞋子。日本人是最礼貌的,如果一个亚洲人说对不起,这肯定是一个日本人。但是他们的风格不同于韩国人,韩国人喜欢浅颜色,日本人喜欢黑色的,白色的,或灰色等等。如果你只给我一个图片的一个亚洲面孔,我不知道国籍,我要看看他们的衣服,或看他们的行为。